Peter Abelard

On the Elements

Latin Grammar: Adverbs

IN PRINCIPIO CREAVIT DEUS CAELUM ET TERRAM. Caeli et terre nomine hoc loco quattuor elementa comprehendi arbitror, ex quibus tamquam materiali primordio cetera omnia corpora constat esse composita. Caelum quidem duo levia elementa, ignem videlicet atque aerem dicit. Reliqua vero duo quae gravia sunt, terram generaliter vocat. Caelum quippe tam aerium dicimus iuxta illud volucres celi, quam ethereum quod est igneum.

Abelard has used quite a few adverbs in the passage above to amplify the meaning of his words. Select the correct definition of each adverb he has used from the list below.

                  
1. tamquam A. generally
2. quidem B. indeed
3. videlicet C. however
4. vero D. so, to such a degree
5. generaliter      E. certainly
6. quippe F. in like manner
7. tam G. truly
8. iuxta H. namely

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