Algazel

On the Interior Senses

Latin Grammar: Perfect Passive Participle

Cogitatio vero est virtus in medio cerebri cuius est movere, non apprehendere. Perquirit enim nunc de his quae sunt in archa formarum, nunc de his quae sunt in archa intentionum, quoniam fixa est inter eas et operatur in his duobus componendo et dividendo tantum. Imaginat enim aliquando hominem cum duobus capitibus, vel aliquid cuius medietas sit forma equi et medietas forma hominis, et alia huiusmodi. Non est autem eius adinvenire formam absque praecedenti exemplo, sed ea quae disiuncta sunt in phantasia coniungit et coniuncta disiungit. Haec autem in homine solet vocari cogitativa.

Latin does not have a perfect participle in the active voice and the fourth principal part of any verb gives its perfect passive participle. The perfect passive participle can be used in an attributive sense, in which case it functions like an adjective. In that sense, the participle can take comparative and superlative forms, and it can also function substantively as a noun and a predicate. The perfect passive participle is also combined with the present, imperfect, and future forms of sum to form, respectively, the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect passive of verbs. In these circumstances the participles agrees in number and gender with the subject. Translate the follow English sentences into Latin using various forms of the perfect passive participle.

1. Those men were killed.

2. Those men had been killed.

3. Those men will have been killed.

4. Since those men were killed, we fled.

5. We buried those who have been killed.

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