Latin Grammar: The Subjunctive Mood

"Nunc autem ostendamus aliam rationem, licet non fit de iis in quibus nunc intendimus. Sed est utilis ad ea, et ipsa est quia illud quod fecit naturam temporis latere plures homines sapientum adeo quod terruit eos ratio ipsius, et nescierunt utrum vere sit an non, sicut Galenus et alii sapientes, est quia est accidens in accidente...
Ideoque pone cor tuum, et intellige bene, ne obliges te ad dandum rationes in quibus non poteris evadere ab eo qui ignorat illa. Si enim posueris esse temporis ante mundum, obligaberis ad credendum antiquitatem: quia tempus est accidens: nec effugiet ullo modo quin habeat deferens: et erit necessario essentia alterius rei ante essentiam huius mundi qui nunc est: hoc autem est quod nos fugimus."

In the above passage the verbs in the subjunctive mood are in bold. Identify the person, number, tense and voice for each verb and then rewrite the verb in the indicative mood.

1. ostendamus
Person:
Number:
Tense:
Voice:
Indicative form:

2. sit
Person:
Number:
Tense:
Voice:
Indicative form:

3. obliges
Person:
Number:
Tense:
Voice:
Indicative form:

4. posueris
Person:
Number:
Tense:
Voice:
Indicative form:

5. habeat
Person:
Number:
Tense:
Voice:
Indicative form:

PART II: The Hortatory/Jussive Subjunctive:

One use of the subjunctive is the "hortatory" subjunctive which we see used in the first example, ostendamus: "Let us show." As the name suggests, this form is often used in the present tense for exhortation or in the second or third person (the "jussive" subjunctive) for command. While the second person of this form is rare in classical Latin prose since the imperative is the common way to express command, the first and third person plural is often used to express encouragement or orders. In the passage above, there are two imperatives used. Identify these imperatives and then give the command or exhortation using the first and third person plural forms.

Example:
Imperative: ostende
First person plural: ostendamus
Third person plural: ostendant

1. Imperative:
First person plural:
Third person plural:

2. Imperative:
First person plural:
Third person plural:

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